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Odessa stands on a shallow indentation of the Black Sea coast at a point
approximately 443 km south of Kiev. A
settlement existed on the site in ancient times. During the 19th century Odessa’s growth was rapid, especially after the coming of railways in 1866. Odessa became the third city of Russia and the country’s second most important port, after St. Petersburg; grain was its principal export. The city was one of the chief centres of the Revolution of 1905 and was the scene of the mutiny on the warship Potemkin. The city remains a major port in Ukraine, with well-equipped docks and ship-repair yards. Odessa is also a large industrial centre, with a wide range of engineering industries; products have included machine tools, cranes, and plows. The chemical industry has produced such materials as fertilizers, paints, and dyes. Odessa also has been the site of oil refining, consumer-goods manufacturing, and food processing. Most factories lie north of the port along the waterfront, with newer plants on the western outskirts. Odessa is an important cultural and educational centre. It has a university, founded in 1865, and numerous other institutions of higher education. Its most renowned research establishment is the Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases. There are a number of museums and theatres, including the opera house and ballet theatre, dating from 1809. The seashore south of the harbour is a popular resort area, with numerous sanatoriums and holiday camps. |
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